Nearby Zip Codes from Coordinates

You would need to create a reference table of zip codes and their corresponding geo-location. Then you could run a query against the table to return zip codes within a given radius of a given location.

For example, if you obtained a list of zip codes from here, the data already contains the relevant Latitude and Longitude of each zip code. Import the data, then add a computed persisted column to cast the Lat Long as a geography type. Finally, query all zip codes near the desired location, e.g. within 50 miles of Tampa, FL.

ALTER TABLE ZipCode ADD ZipGeo AS geography::Point(Latitude, Longitude, 4326) PERSISTED

DECLARE @yourLoc GEOGRAPHY = geography::Point(27.947222, -82.458611, 4326) /* Tampa, FL */
        ,@yourRadius FLOAT = 50 * 1609.34; /* miles to meters */

SELECT *
FROM ZipCode
WHERE @yourLoc.STDistance(ZipGeo) < @yourRadius;

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Jason